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Health  /  May 31, 2020

Folic Acid Benefits

Folic acid is an essential vitamin with multiple benefits to human health, among which are its important role as an antioxidant and its fundamental role in the formation of genetic material.

Birth defects or birth defects are a large group of conditions, the cause of which is sometimes unknown or uncertain. Approximately 2-5% of live newborns and 15% of dead newborns are reported to have one or more major structural-anatomic defects at birth.

The most frequent birth defects studied in origin are neural tube defects (DTN), including anencephaly, encephalocele, and myelomeningocele. Folate deficiency during pregnancy has been associated with a series of complications such as pre-eclampsia, miscarriage, mortality, low birth weight, prematurity and, with great importance, congenital neural tube defects (DTN).

Humans do not synthesize folates and therefore depend on their consumption in the diet. Foods rich in folic acid and that should be included in pregnancy are mainly green leafy vegetables, liver, citrus fruits and juices, and whole wheat bread; however, the content of folates in food can vary and lose a part of its content when exposed to preparation processes such as heat cooking.

A strategy to decrease the incidence of neural tube defects proposed by developed countries is the intake of supplements of 400 μg / day of Folic Acid in women of childbearing age (14 to 39 years) and during the first 3 months of pregnancy. This campaign aims to provide and recommend a daily intake of folic acid of 0.4 mg to all women of reproductive age, especially during the periconceptional stage (three months prior to pregnancy and up to the 12th week of gestation) and in those women who, due to a history of social or geographical condition at high risk for neural tube defects, should ingest 4 mg of folic acid at this stage.

Español: Beneficios del ácido fólico

El ácido fólico es una vitamina esencial y con múltiples beneficios 

a la salud humana, entre los cuales se encuentran su importante función como antioxidante y su par!cipación fundamental de la formación del material gené!co.

Los defectos congénitos o al nacimiento son un grupo numeroso de padecimientos, cuya causa en ocasiones es desconocida o incierta. Se reporta aproximadamente que del 2-5% de los recién nacidos vivos y el 15% de los recién nacidos muertos presentan uno o más defectos estructurales-anatómicos mayores al nacimiento.

Los defectos al nacimiento más frecuentes y estudiados en cuanto a su origen son los defectos del tubo neural (DTN) que incluyen la anencefalia, el encéfalocele y el mielomeningocele. El déficit de folatos durante el embarazo se ha relacionado con una serie de complicaciones como preeclampsia, aborto espontáneo, mortnatalidad, bajo peso al nacer, prematurez y con mucha importancia a defectos congénitos del tubo neural (DTN).

Los seres humanos no sintetizan folatos por lo que dependen de su consumo en la dieta. Los alimentos ricos en ácido fólico y que deben ser incluidos en el embarazo son principalmente vegetales de hoja verde, el hígado, frutas y jugos cítricos y pan de trigo integral; sin embargo, el contenido de folatos en los alimentos puede variar y perder una parte de su contenido al exponerse a procesos de preparación como cocción al calor.

Una estrategia para disminuir la incidencia de defectos del tubo neural propuesta por países desarrollados,es la ingesta de suplementos de 400 μg/día de Ácido Fólico en mujeres en edad fértil (14 a 39 años) y durante los 3 primeros meses de embarazo.Con esta campaña se pretende que, a toda mujer en edad reproduc!va, se le provea y recomienda una ingesta diaria de ácido fólico de 0.4 mg, especialmente durante la etapa periconcepcional (tres meses previos al embarazo y hasta la semana 12 de gestación) y en aquellas mujeres que, por antecedentes condición social o geográfica en un alto riesgo para defectos del tubo neural, deben ingerir de 4 mg de ácido fólico en esta etapa.

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